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Mandi glossary · 64 terms
Mandi terms, explained in plain language
Arhat, tulai, jhadai, dami, bardana, 9R, J-form, sauda register — the words on every patti and every mandi-board form, with what each one means and where it shows up on a bill.
People & roles
- Arhtiya / Adhatiya / Aadatiyaalso: commission agent, arthi, aadat
- A licensed commission agent in an APMC mandi who sells farmers' produce to buyers and earns arhat (commission). The core user of mandi software. How MandiGrow handles it →
- Kachha arhtiya (kachhi adhat)
- Commission agent who sells on the farmer's behalf through auction and never owns the goods; earns commission only. Issues a farmer patti after the sale. How MandiGrow handles it →
- Pakka arhtiya (pakki adhat)
- Agent/trader who buys the produce outright and sells on own account; bears price risk and earns margin. Billing is purchase-and-sale, not commission. How MandiGrow handles it →
- Munshi
- The mandi clerk/accountant who writes the daybook, khata and pattis. In software this is the operator or accountant role.
- Dalal / broker
- Intermediary who arranges a deal between seller and buyer for a brokerage; recorded in the broker bargain (sauda) register.
- Palledar / hamal
- Loader who unloads, weighs and loads produce; paid palledari/hamali per bag or per quintal, deducted on the patti.
- Kisan / farmer
- Supplier of produce to the arhtiya. The farmer ledger (kisan khata) records arrivals, sales, advances and net payable.
Charges on a mandi bill
- Arhat / aadat / commission
- The commission agent's fee, usually a percentage of sale value, deducted from the farmer's patti or charged to the buyer depending on state rules.
- Tulaialso: tolai, weighing charge
- Charge for weighing produce on the kanta, per bag or per quintal.
- Jhadaialso: jharai
- Cleaning/sieving charge for grain (removing dust and chaff) before sale.
- Safai
- Cleaning charge for produce or for the shop floor after unloading; a bill sundry in anaj mandis.
- Palledari / hamali
- Loading and unloading labour charge, typically per bag; deducted from the farmer or charged to the buyer.
- Damialso: dhami
- Traditional deduction in some fruit/vegetable mandis: a fixed percentage or per-unit amount taken from the sale value in addition to commission.
- Market fee / mandi shulk / mandi tax
- Statutory fee payable to the APMC/mandi board on produce sold in the yard; rate varies by state (e.g. UP 1–1.5%, Rajasthan KUMS, Karnataka APMC cess). How MandiGrow handles it →
- Mandi cess
- Additional levy collected with the market fee in some states (e.g. Karnataka APMC cess, Haryana HRDF). How MandiGrow handles it →
- Bill sundry
- Any add-on line on a bill other than the goods value — tulai, jhadai, safai, palledari, market fee, bardana — configured once and applied automatically.
- Dhara / mandi dhara / interest
- Interest charged on overdue buyer udhaar (credit) or on advances to farmers, computed day-wise; shown in the interest report.
- Chungi / gate fee
- Entry fee collected at the mandi gate per vehicle; recorded on the gate pass. How MandiGrow handles it →
Documents & registers
- Pattialso: farmer bill, sale patti
- The settlement statement given to the farmer after sale: gross sale value minus arhat, tulai, palledari, market fee and other charges = net payable. How MandiGrow handles it →
- Bijak / bill
- The buyer's invoice for produce purchased, with quantity, rate, charges and GST where applicable.
- Parchi
- Small slip issued at weighing or at the gate recording lot, weight and vehicle; later matched to the patti.
- Sauda register / broker bargain register
- Register of deals struck (sauda) between seller and buyer — commodity, quantity, rate, broker, delivery terms — before goods are lifted or billed. Standard in anaj mandis.
- Bikri reportalso: sales register
- Day-wise or period-wise list of all sales with buyer, lot, quantity, rate and value.
- Market fee register
- Statutory register of market fee/cess collected and paid, by date and commodity, submitted to the mandi board.
- Adhatiya stock statement
- Statement of produce received, sold and lying unsold (stock not delivered) with each arhtiya, required by many mandi boards.
- Lifting report
- Report of goods lifted (taken delivery of) by buyers against sauda/sales — shows what is sold but still in the yard.
- Daybook / roznamcha
- Daily record of all cash, bank and udhaar transactions; the munshi's primary book, generated automatically in software.
- Gate pass
- Inward/outward pass for each vehicle entering or leaving the yard: farmer/buyer, vehicle number, commodity, bags, time. How MandiGrow handles it →
- 6R
- Punjab/Haryana mandi board form that records arrivals (the "6R" register) for market-fee assessment.
- 9R
- Punjab/Haryana mandi board form recording sales/auction results lot-wise; the basis for market fee and J-form.
- J-formalso: Form J
- Sale receipt issued to the farmer in Punjab/Haryana mandis proving sale of produce — required for MSP payment and income-tax purposes. How MandiGrow handles it →
- I-formalso: Form I
- Buyer-side purchase declaration in Punjab/Haryana mandis, paired with the J-form of the same sale. Software should generate both from one entry.
- H-form
- Form used for inter-state/inter-mandi movement of produce purchased, under some state APMC acts.
Khata & money
- Khataalso: bahi khata, ledger
- Account ledger of a farmer or buyer. Mandi khata software keeps kisan khata and vyapari (buyer) khata updated from every patti and payment. How MandiGrow handles it →
- Kachha khata vs pakka khata
- Kachha khata is the rough/temporary daily record; pakka khata is the finalised ledger. Software merges the two: every entry is final and auditable. How MandiGrow handles it →
- Udhaaralso: credit, outstanding
- Goods sold on credit to a buyer; tracked with due date, ageing and interest (dhara).
- Peshgi / advance
- Money advanced to a farmer before the crop arrives; adjusted against future pattis.
- Hisaab / settlement
- Final reconciliation of a farmer's or buyer's account for a period — sales, charges, advances, payments — producing the net payable/receivable.
- TDS 194H / 194Q
- Income-tax deduction: 194H applies to commission (arhat) paid; 194Q to purchases above the threshold. Mandi software should compute and report both.
Goods, stock & packaging
- Lot
- A single farmer's consignment of one commodity on one day, given a lot number at arrival; all sales and the patti reference the lot.
- Boli / auction / vikray
- Open-outcry auction of a lot in the yard; the winning bid sets the rate for the sale entry. How MandiGrow handles it →
- Bardanaalso: gunny bags, crates, packaging
- Packaging material — gunny bags, crates, cartons — issued to farmers/buyers and tracked as returnable stock with deposits or charges. How MandiGrow handles it →
- Kanta / dharam kanta / weighbridge
- Weighing scale or vehicle weighbridge; digital kantas can send weight straight into the bill. How MandiGrow handles it →
- Tare / net weight
- Tare is the weight of bag/crate; net weight = gross − tare, the billable quantity.
- Grade / variety
- Quality class (A/B/C, size) and variety of a commodity; rates and stock are tracked per grade.
- Godown / cold storage
- Warehouse stock held after purchase; multi-godown stock shows quantity and value per location. How MandiGrow handles it →
- Stock not delivered
- Goods sold but not yet lifted by the buyer; reported separately so the yard and the books agree.
- Wastage / shortage
- Weight lost to moisture, damage or handling between arrival and sale; recorded so farmer patti and stock reconcile.
- Quintal / mann
- Units: 1 quintal = 100 kg; a mann is a traditional unit (commonly 40 kg) still used in some mandis.
Compliance & GST
- APMC
- Agricultural Produce Market Committee — the state body that regulates a regulated market (mandi), issues licences and collects market fee.
- Mandi board
- State-level authority over all APMCs (e.g. UP Mandi Parishad, Punjab Mandi Board, Rajasthan KUMS).
- e-NAM
- National Agriculture Market — the online trading platform that links APMC mandis; trades on e-NAM still need local billing and patti.
- HSN / SAC
- Goods (HSN) and service (SAC) codes on GST invoices. Fresh produce is largely GST-exempt; commission is a taxable service. How MandiGrow handles it →
- GSTR-1 / GSTR-3B
- Monthly GST returns listing outward supplies and summary tax liability; mandi software exports both. How MandiGrow handles it →
- e-invoice / IRN
- Government-registered invoice with an Invoice Reference Number, mandatory above the turnover threshold for B2B supplies.
- e-way bill
- Electronic document required to move goods above ₹50,000 between locations; generated from the invoice.
- Back-date lock
- Control that prevents entries or edits before a chosen date once books are closed — demanded by CAs and auditors. How MandiGrow handles it →
- Audit trail
- Record of who changed what and when; required under Companies Act rules for accounting software and good practice for every mandi. How MandiGrow handles it →
- Multi-firm
- Running several firms/licences (e.g. two arhat licences, one trading firm) from one login with separate books.
Market types
- Anaj mandi
- Grain market (wheat, paddy, maize, pulses) — sauda register, jhadai, 6R/9R and J-form workflows. How MandiGrow handles it →
- Sabzi mandi
- Vegetable market — crate/weight billing, daily rates, fast settlement. How MandiGrow handles it →
- Phal / fruit mandi
- Fruit market — carton and box billing, grade-wise rates, cold-store stock. How MandiGrow handles it →
- Phool mandi
- Flower market — very early trading hours, bundle/kg billing, high perishability.
- Regulated vs private market
- APMC-regulated yards charge market fee; private markets and direct farm purchases follow state-specific rules.
Every term above is a field in MandiGrow.
Commission, tulai, palledari, market fee, J-form, bardana — configured once, applied on every patti. 14-day free trial, no card.
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